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Ferrimagnetism can be thought of as a combination of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism because of the many similarities between them, but it has important points of difference also. Similar to ferromagnets, ferrimagnets exhibit a spontaneous magnetic moment (i.e., a magnetic moment even in the absence of a magnetic field) and hysteresis below their Curie temperature, Tc, and behave paramagnetically above the Curie temperature. On the other hand, similar to antiferromagnets, the magnetic moments of ferrimagnets align antiparallel to one another, the difference being that the net magnetic moment is non-zero. Ferrimagnetic materials are thus differentiated from ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials by the arrangement of their magnetic moments, and the dependence of the resulting magnetic properties on temperature, which depend on the types of elements in the material, its crystal structure, and microstructural processing. Ferrimagnetic materials are widely used in non-volatile memory devices such as hard drives, which utilize their ability to easily switch the spins of electrons and be magnetized. When a ferrimagnet inside a coil of conducting wire is rotate, current is generated, so they are also widely used in power motors and generators. Because ferrimagnets are electrically insulating, they are also widely used in high-frequency devices because no eddy currents are induced under AC fields. Unlike ferromagnetic materials, which are typically metals, ferrimagnetic materials are ceramics, in particular, ceramic oxides. The most widely used ferrimagnets in technological devices are materials known as ferrites. Ferrites are electrically insulating transitional-metal oxides with the general chemical formula MO·Fe2·O3, where M is a divalent ion such as Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, or Ni2+. Ferrites are often prepared by standard ceramic processing techniques. In the case of NiO.Fe2·O3 powders of NiO and Fe2O3 are mixed together and pressed into the desired shape before sintering (firing) at high temperature to form a dense ceramic of the desired composition. This method provides a reliable way of forming a wide variety of shapes and sizes of ferrimagnetic materials for embedding into technological devices. Ferrimagnetic materials contain magnetic moments aligned antiparallel to one another, as illustrated in the figure below, similar to antiferromagnetic materials. However, instead of having a zero net magnetic moment, different numbers of unpaired electrons in the component transition metals result do not cancel one another out, resulting in a spontaneous magnetization.
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